Biblical Architecture and Sacred Writings in Contemporary Church Structures in Nigeria: A Hermeneutical-Semiotic Study

Abstract

This study examines church architecture in Nigeria through a theological and semiotic lens, exploring how biblical models and scriptural traditions shape, or fail to shape, contemporary church buildings. It considers the tension between sacred architectural patterns—such as the Old Testament Tabernacle and Solomon’s Temple—and modern constructions influenced by financial constraints, cultural changes, and denominational practices. Using qualitative methods, including site visits, interviews, and interpretive analysis, the research explores how symbols, inscriptions, and spatial arrangements reflect or distort theological meaning. The findings show a growing shift from biblically rooted architectural forms to more utilitarian and stylistically secular structures, particularly in Pentecostal and neo-Pentecostal churches. Nonetheless, traces of sacred symbolism endure, especially in older Anglican and Catholic cathedrals designed in traditional European styles. The study also notes the decline in the use of scriptural texts within church buildings, replaced in many instances by digital signage and commercial-style branding. Additional issues such as substandard construction, poor acoustics, and unsustainable design are also discussed. The paper recommends a renewal of the theological purpose of church architecture, urging church leaders to integrate sacred symbolism, cultural identity, and sustainable practices. Ultimately, it argues that church buildings should not be reduced to functional halls, but should embody and express the sacred truths of the Christian faith.