Evaluation of Tyre Pyrolysis Oil Fuel Properties and Their Impact on Diesel Engine Performance: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The study reviews the properties of tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO) as a potential alternative diesel fuel, highlighting its physicochemical characteristics essential for compression ignition engines. Key parameters such as density, viscosity, calorific value, cetane rating, and chemical composition are discussed, revealing that TPO deviates significantly from traditional diesel. While TPO has higher density and variability in viscosity, it also exhibits lower calorific value and cetane rating, alongside poorer cold-flow characteristics. The literature on TPO is fragmented, lacking comprehensive models linking pyrolysis conditions with fuel performance. The review underscores the need for integrated experimental frameworks to enhance TPO's viability as a sustainable diesel substitute, identifying critical research gaps for future exploration.